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Attitudes and awareness of genetic testing for BRCA genes in women in Czechia
Nejedlová, Pavlína ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hirsch, Ivan (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of awareness and attitudes of women towards genetic testing for BRCA genes in Czechia. Genetic testing reveals hereditary predispositions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are associated with a high risk of hereditary cancers, especially breast and ovarian cancer. The thesis focuses on the importance of genetic testing, which can help to identify women at high risk of developing these diseases and to inform them sufficiently about appropriate preventive measures or recommendations for early treatment. Awareness and genetic counselling are important factors for individuals and their family members. Genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are estimated to account for 5-10% of all breast and ovarian cancers. In this study, the association between social determinants and awareness of genetic testing is examined to determine whether these determinants are important in women's access to and awareness of testing. The analysis used data from 911 respondents who participated in the Sociological Survey of Citizens of the Czech Republic, a sample survey provided by the INRES agency. The binary logistic regression method was used to analyze the relationship between awareness of BRCA genetic testing and the attitude of women in Czechia towards undergoing such...
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Social determinants of knowledge of HPV infection and cancer risk
Stuchlíková, Tereza ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hejtmánková, Alžběta (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and potential cancer risks that it causes. HPV is a factor of cervical cancer, one of the most common cancer cause of death in women, cervical cancer. Despite the fact that the majority of both female and male population become infected with HPV during their sexually active lives, especially before the age of 30, women are predominantly more susceptible to this infection. When young, the immune system can clear HPV within 2 years unnoticed but in the case of high-risk HPV, an innocent infection can be fatal. In recent years, the male population in particular has been increasingly affected by malignant neoplasms of the head and neck, such as oropharynx, which are caused by HPV. In recent years, HPV has ceased to be associated only with female genital cancer. However, this infection also causes penile and anal cancer in men so there is a need to better educate the population about the risks of HPV, especially the younger generation whose sexual behaviour is changing and therefore the virus in no longer only affecting genital tissue. The thesis deals with the description and epidemiology of these types of tumours and also with the social determinants that influence HPV infection. Knowledge of the risks of HPV is a...
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Social Determinants of Life Expectancy in Transition Economies
Song, Fei ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
This thesis investigates the impact of social determinants on life expectancy in 16 transition economies from 1995 to 2012 by a panel data regression analysis. The regression result suggests that, air quality, coverage for tertiary education, spending in health care have statistically positive associations with life expectancy. To be specific, 1 microgram per cubic meter reduction in PM 2.5 air pollution(mean annual exposure) is associated with a gain of 2.16 months of life expectancy at birth. 100 dollars increase in health expenditure per capita is associated with a gain of 2.4 months of life expectancy at birth. 10% points increase in the gross enrolment ratio for tertiary school is associated with a gain of 3.6 months of life expectancy. But the proxy variable of democracy(Unified Democracy Sores), Economic Freedom and out-of-pocket health expenditure are not significant factors of life expectancy.
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Determinants of health and their susceptibility
HORÁKOVÁ, Vladimíra
The main topic of this thesis are the determinants of health. Since this is a very broad field, I focused content work on social determinants which consist of ten main factors affecting health. Bachelor thesis contains a theoretical part where I drew on the knowledge of Czech and foreign literature, I described the basic determinants biomedical model of health, ecological - social model of health, in which I rank the concept of ten social determinants of health, according to the findings Wilkinson and Marmot, who in his study worked out ten key social determinants: social gradient, childhood, nutrition, social support, stress, addiction, unemployment, transport and social exclusion. Practical part contains quantitative research aimed to compare the target group high school students aged 16 -19 years old, living in the capital Prague and the state high school students small town of Zdar nad Sazavou. The main goal is to find out how they affect social determinants of students in direct connection with the lifestyle in these cities. The questionnaire survey will focus on the students' way of life, leisure time, economic factors, family factors, social environment, social gradient families, motivating students to study substance abuse. In the discussion, evaluate the results obtained in the questionnaire survey. At the end of the thesis I point out the objectives and acquired knowledge of this work. In conclusion, I think the irreplaceable role of the family, the importance of family upbringing and the influence of social determinants of health and psychosocial development of adolescent students. To obtain the data I chose the method of quantitative research, technology research is a questionnaire with closed questions. Statistical evaluation questionnaire, as a percentage, is in progress, results in tables and graphically illustrated. Evaluated survey is compared with the given assumptions and objective work. The conclusion will discuss the possibility of using the acquired knowledge in daily routine, since the determinants of health has an impact on our health throughout life.
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Sociální determinanty zdraví a ekonomiky: Globální finanční krize 2007/08 a její dopad na blahobyt Evropanů
Scheier, Samuel ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Mevenkamp, Nils (referee)
Objective Objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the recent economic crisis of 2007/2008 on the subjective well-being and health status in thirteen European countries. Methods The European Social Survey (ESS) database was searched for individual health and wellbeing indicators and the database of the European Commission Eurostat for economic indicators. Data representing social determinants like education, housing and employment status and others before, during and after the crisis were retrieved. Eurostat data were used to analyse economic indicators and health outcomes on country level. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the changes in the different parameters over time. Regression analysis was performed to demonstrate relations between subjective well-being and different social determinants. Results Between 2006 and 2012 all countries experienced changes in their populations' subjective well-being. From 2006 to 2010 (crisis) the number of people with good or very good subjective well-being increased in France, Ireland, Belgium and Portugal by 0.6%, 1.0%, 1.2% and 6.5%, respectively. In Denmark and Spain this number remained basically stable. In Sweden, the United Kingdom, Finland and Germany the percentage of the population with good or very good subjective well-being decreased by 1.1%, 2.7%, 1.7% and 2.8%, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant relation between good and very good subjective well-being and level of education, main activity during the last 7 days, satisfaction with life, satisfaction with household income, main source of household income, gender and age. This relation differed for various factors and countries. In none of the countries satisfaction with national health services and satisfaction with current state of economy within the country was found significantly related to subjective well-being. The main amendable determinant correlating with a higher degree of subjective well-being is good education. The correlation between education and subjective well-being got stronger after the crisis than before or during the crisis. Conclusion Economic development does not have a uniform impact on subjective well-being. Education is a major amendable determinant influencing individual well-being. We could not find evidence for any significant impact of the organization of the healthcare services or social system on the subjective well-being.
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